Synthetic E Coli genome uses 3 fewer codons than any know life form.

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/31/science/dna-genetics-engineering-microbes.html?unlocked_article_code=1.ak8.2o8s.8-C8-YFFXj8z

Huge feat of genetic engineering. The resulting bacteria is feeble for now. It could evolve.

Work suggests 60 codon rule is more chance than chemistry/physics. A foundation for molecular machines.